American Republic Chapter 15

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1.) How long did the Reconstruction period last?

12 years: 1865-1877

2.) Name two things that were part of the North's "thrill of victory".

The industry progressed, new wave of immigrants, little damaged land

3.) Name two things that were part of the South's "agony of defeat".

The labor force entirely disrupted, no new immigrants, property destroyed/ruined, bankrupt economy-Confederate money=nothing, government disorganized

4.) Name two of the problems faced by the freedmen after the war.

Had to integrate into Southern society-no money and couldn't obtain credit, uneducated, no property place to live

5.) What was Lincoln's overall attitude toward Reconstruction?

Charitable, merciful, kind, wanted everyone to live peacefully

6.) What was the Ten Percent Plan?

Proposed by Lincoln, it said a state could be returned to the Union, form a new gov, new state constitutions, and regain seats in Congress if 10% of voters swore fealty to Union

7.) Why did the Radical Republicans object to Lincoln's plan?

They believed those who had led the South into a rebellion against the Union shouldn't regain power and be allowed to rejoin Union-they also worried Southern states would quickly gain control of full gov.

8.) Why didn't the Wade-Davis Bill become a law?

Lincoln pocket-vetoed it

9.) What was Johnson's plan for Reconstruction?

Amnesty, not to those whose property was >20,000$, blacks to be free, 10% of voters swear loyalty, states had to write new state constitutions

10.) How long was Johnson able to carry out his Reconstruction plan?

2 years

11.) Name one way the Radical Republicans rejected Johnson's plan.

Refused to seat Southern former Confederates, overrode vetoes

12.) What was the purpose of the South's "black codes"?

Get around the 13th Amendment, to place blacks in an inferior position to white people-another form of slavery

13.) Who were the two men who led Radical Reconstruction in Congress?

Thaddeus Stevens and Charles Sumner

14.) What was the purpose of the Freedmen's Bureau?

Provide relief to former slaves and poor whites

15.) Which amendment to the Constitution made blacks citizens and "whole persons" for representation?

14th Amendment

16.) What did the Reconstruction Act of 1867 do to the South?

South was divided into 5 military districts ruled by Union generals

17.) Who were the Scalawags?

A white Southerner who supported Reconstruction and cooperated with the Radical Republicans

18.) Who were the Carpetbaggers?

Northerners who came to the South to help Reconstruction who carried suitcases made of pieces of carpet who were seeking new opportunities

19.) What was the Tenure in Office Act?

This act made it illegal for the president to remove any appointee who had been approved by the Senate unless the Senate also approved the dismissal-unconstitutional

20.) How did Andrew Johnson test this law?

He fired Edwin Stanton-Secretary of War

21.) What is the role of the House of Representatives in the impeachment process?

Files the charges of impeachment

22.) What is the role of the Senate in the impeachment process?

Act as trial jury/court

23.) How much of a majority is needed for an impeachment conviction?

2/3

24.) By how many votes was Johnson found innocent?

1

25.) Who arranged to purchase of Alaska?

William Seward

26.) From which country did the US purchase Alaska?

Russia

27.) How much did the US pay for Alaska?

$7 million

28.) Give one of the nicknames for the Alaska purchase.

"Seward's Folly", "Seward's Icebox", "Johnson's Polar Bear Garden"

29.) Why was Grant chosen to run for president?

He was a war hero-great military record

30.) What did the 15th Amendment allow?

It gave everyone the right to vote-no one denied vote based on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude

31.) In what way did Grant handle the scandals wrongly during his presidency?

He didn't punish them-he let them resign-motivated by greed, not qualified

32.) Who was the Democratic candidate in 1876?

Samuel Tilden

33.) Who was the Republican candidate in 1876?

Rutherford B. Hayes

34.) Who ended up making the decision in the election of 1876?

A fifteen-member special electoral commission

35.) Give an example of the Hayes' integrity and moral standards.

Banned alcohol from the White House, chose because of qualifications, not connections, First Lady had a degree, no gambling or dancing

36.) How did President Hayes choose his advisors?

Qualifications, not connections

37.) Describe how sharecropping worked.

Freedmen and poor whites farmed small plots of land payed with crops from the landlord. They borrowed seeds and provisions from the landlord and rarely ever broke even, often trapped in a cycle of debt and poverty

38.) Why did many Southerners move to the cities?

Moved to cities for jobs in factories

39.) Which political party declined in the South because of Redeemer Reconstruction?

Radical Republicans

40.) What was the Ku Klux Klan?

A group of former Confederates who targeted blacks and their supporters along with whte Republican leaders. They beat/killed and scared them. Wanted to place black people firmly under white control and to frighten and kill. They lynched many.

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