"what is growth", "quantitative changes of an individual<br /> changes in shape and tissue composition as well as distribution<br /> cells divide and increase in number known as hyperplasia<br /> cells increase in size known as hypertrophy<br /> change from generalized cells to tissue to specialized tissue(differentiation)" "what is development", "process of growth from conception to maturation of an individual<br /> orderly, coherent, and progressive changes<br /> changes in nature and functioning of n organ= improved efficiency ad accuracy of performance<br /> development of locomotion<br /> maturation of physiological structures" "development of conceptus<br /> embryo ad fetus", "embryo=fertilizaion- end of 8th week<br /> organogenic period fetus<br /> first trimester = vulnerability stage of effects of drugs and radiation<br /> organs develop<br /> second trimester =complete development of an organ system<br /> distinctively human features<br /> third trimester= rapid fetal growth<br /> organ systems become functional" "cleavage of the zygote", "da 1 = 2 cells +polar body<br /> day 2 = 4 cells+ blastomere<br /> day 2 and 1/2= 9 cells<br /> day 3= 16-cells: morula(latin mulberry)<br /> day4= 58 cells blastocyst<br /> day 5 = balstocyst with zona pelucida trophoblast, inner cell mass, blastocoele" "what is compaction mediated by?", "E-cadherin" "Cavitation", "sodium and water move across epithelium-like outer blastomeres" "control of embryonic development", "regulation of development- specific genes by transcription factors homeodomain proteins bind to homeobox-containig genes" "stages in development from infancy to old age", "stage : hyperplasia =rapd mitosis<br /> stage 2 : hyperplasia and hypertrophy<br /> stage 3: hypertrophy +rapid accumulation of fat<br /> muscle and connective tissue" "tempo of growth and development of tissue and organs", "1) brain<br /> 2) body<br /> 3) dentition<br /> 4) reproductive" "factors regulating growth", "1)Growth Hormone and insulin-like growth factors= protein synthesis and cell division<br /> thyroid hormone = permissive role( permits other hormones to have an enhanced effect )that contributes to nervous system development<br /> Insulin = supports tissue growth =stimulating protein synthesis<br /> energy is provided in a form of glucose<br /> 2) adequate diet<br /> 3) absence of chronic stress<br /> 4) genetic potential" "Growth hormone", "increase plasma glucose<br /> increases bone and muscle growth<br /> stimulates protein synthesis<br /> stimulates liver to secrete IGFs<br /> IGFs to stimulate cartilage growth" "Somatostatin", "growth hormone inhibitor in anterior pituitary gland<br /> fsecreted from the hypothalamus" "importance of growth of head", "hydrocephalus<br /> water in head" "TESTOSTERONE AND OESTRADIOL", "BACK LENGTHENS<br /> BOOST GROWTH HORMONE SECRETION<br /> FUSION OF EPIPHYSEAL GROWTH PLATE<br /> CESSATION OF GROWTH" "BRAIN GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT", "" "PHYSIOLGICAL CHANGES DURING AGIN - HEART", "DECREASE INTRINSIC HEART RATE AND MAXMAL HEART RATE<br /> BLUNTED BAROFLEX(LESS INCREASE I HEART RATE IN RESPONSE TO DECREASE IN bp)<br /> DECREASE IN DIASTOLC RELAXATION<br /> INCREASE IN ATRIOVENTRICULAR CONDUCTION TIME<br /> INCREASE IN ATRIAL AND VENTRICULAR ATROPY" "TELOMEE SHORTENING WITH AGING", "TELOMERES SHORTEN<br /> ENZMES NOWN AS TELOMERASE RE-ENHANCES THE GRWOH OF TELOMERES" "CAUSES OF INTRA-UTERINE GRWOH RESTRICTION (IUGR)", "MATERNAL FACTORS= MEDICAL DISEASE<br /> FETAL FACTORS =CHROM DEFECTS<br /> PLACENTAL FACTORS = UTEROPLACENTAL INSUFFICIENCY" "GNRH", "NOT ENOUGH CAN CAUSE INFERTILITY"
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