"Motet", "a polyphonic vocal piece, with multiple texts (and often borrowing from another source)." "cantus firmus", "replaces “tenor” for the original melody (although occasionally “tenor” is still used)" "Franconian notation", "a rhythmic innovation; because voices grew to be increasingly independent, needed to expressing rhythm precisely. Franco of Cologne incorporated shapes for neume heads, to mark relative proportion for rhythm:" "ARS NOVA", "(“new art ” / “new technique”) by composer Philippe de Vitry (1291-1361) who penned a treatise Ars Nova (in 1320) on this new way of composing Ars Nova innovations: 1) duple meter: introduction of duple meter (symbolically, this can be read as the introduction of rational thought entering the sacred realm). triple = “perfect” duple = “imperfect” 2) isorhythm: a structuring method for motets: sections of musical material repeated at different rates and lengths during the piece talea: rhythmic repetition, color: pitch repetition Hocket: (“hiccup” - rapid exchange of voices)" "Guillaume de Machaut (1300-1377)", "1) composed more than 140 pieces, both sacred and secular 2) supported by aristocracy/royalty, while also working as a canon (cleric working with law) 3) ** Machaut famous for hocket/syncopation, so much that music history nerds have made memes about this:" "Francesco Landini", "composer, working in Florence NAWM 30 – Landini, a caccia (‘chase’) – like the English rota, a musical game of imitation between the parts" "Landini cadence:", "6th (still seen as dissonant) resolving out (contrary motion) to an octave, but first dropping to a 5th." "GUILLAUME DU FAY", "Prolific Burgundian composer who traveled extensively (even to the Italian courts). Exposed to musical styles of many places, fused several styles in his own work. He wrote many Masses, which were kind of strange because many used a previously composed secular melody (chansons, ballades) as the basis for the Mass texts (at times the tenor source wasn’t chant -the official music)."
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