"Activation Energy", "The minimum amount of energy that must be added to a mixture of reactants for a chemical reaction to occur." "Atom", "The smallest unit of an element that has all of the properties of that element; contains a nucleus within a surrounding electron cloud." "Bond Energy", "A measure of the strength of chemical bonds; equal to the heat required to break one mole of molecules into their individual atoms." "Catalyst", "A substance that speeds up or promotes a chemical reaction without being chemically changed by the reaction." "Chemical Potential Energy", "The energy available for release in chemical bonds." "Chemical Reaction", "The process by which one or more substances change to produce one or more different substances." "Collision Theory", "A theory stating that molecules must collide in order to react and that they must collide in the current or appropriate orientation and with sufficient energy to equal or exceed the activation energy." "Combustion Reaction", "A reaction that is an oxidation process in which a compound containing carbon, hydrogen, and sometimes oxygen reacts with oxygen gas to produce carbon dioxide gas and water; the general equations are CxHyOz + O2 -> CO2 + H2O or CxHy + O2 -> CO2 + H2O." "Conservation of Energy", "The principle stating that energy is neither created nor destroyed in an ordinary chemical or physical process (also known as the first law of thermodynamics)." "Double-Replacement Reaction", "A chemical reaction where two compounds exchange chemical bonds to form two products with bonding properties similar to those of the reactants; the general equation is AX + BY -> AY + BX." "Endothermic", "Requiring or involving a net input of heat." "Energy", "The ability of a system to do work or produce heat." "Exothermic", "Requiring or involving a net output of heat." "Kinetic Energy", "The energy of motion." "Molecule", "A group of two or more atoms bonded together by chemical forces, representing the smallest possible unit of a chemical compound that can participate in a reaction." "Precipitation Reaction", "A reaction that results in the precipitation of a solid from a solution; the general equation is AX (aq) + BY (aq) -> AY (aq) + BX (s)." "Product(s)", "The ending substance(s), written on the right side of the chemical reaction arrow, that are created during a chemical change." "Potential Energy", "The energy that an object has because of its position relative within a force field or because of the relative positions of its components." "Reactant(s)", "The starting substance(s), written on the left side of the chemical reaction arrow, which will be destroyed during a chemical change." "Reaction Rate", "The measure of the change in concentration of the reactants or the change in concentration of the products per unit time." "Single-Replacement Reaction", "A redox reaction where one element or ion in a compound is replaced by another element or ion; the general equation is A + BX -> AX + B." "Temperature", "A measure of the average amount of kinetic energy of the molecules of a substance." "Thermal Energy", "The internal energy of a system, including the kinetic and potential energy of its particles."
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