"Atom", "the smallest portion of an element found in the periodic chart; examples include carbon,oxygen,gold" "Biomolecule", "an organic molecule produced by a living organism" "Chemical bond", "a connection made between atoms when electrons are attracted, shared, or transferred" "Condensation reaction", "a chemical reaction that combines smaller molecules and forms water as a byproduct; the reaction is often used to form polymers" "Covalent bond", "a chemical bond formed when elements share electrons" "Hydrolysis reaction", "a chemical reaction between water and another molecule that breaks down the molecule into simpler molecules; the reaction splits a water molecule to break apart a polymer into monomers" "Inorganic molecule", "a molecule that is not organic; most(but not all) do not include carbon; examples include water, ammonia, table salt, and carbon dioxide" "Iron", "an electrically bond formed when elements transfer electrons" "Ionic bond", "a chemical bond formed when elements tranfer electrons" "Macromolecules", "the large biomolecules taht make up living organisms; include proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, and necleic acids" "Molecule", "a chemical combonation of two or more atoms that forms a seperate substance; fpr example, one molecule of water is made up of two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom" "Monomer", "a small molecule that may be chemically bonded to other like molecules to form a polymer" "Organic molecules", "carbon, containing molecules that are generally associated with living organisms" "Polymer", "a long chain of monomers (small, repeating molecules)" "Polymerization", "the chemical process of combining monomers to form a polymer; often uses condensation reactions" "Carbohydrate", "an organic molecule made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen; used as a source of energyand gives structure to some types of cells" "Cellulose", "a polysaccharide used in the cell walls of plants to give cells structual support" "Chitin", "a polysaccharide that contains nitrogen groups; used to strengthen the exoskeletons of crustaceans and insects and the cell walls of many kinds of fungi" "Disaccharide", "a polymer of two simple sugars combined into one molecule" "Glucose", "a monosaccharide produced by plants during photosynthesis; main source of energy for cells" "Glycogen", "a polysaccharide made by animal cells to store energy" "Monosaccharide", "a simple sugar" "polysaccharide", "a polymer of sugar, meaning a long chain of sugar molecules chemically linked together" "saccharide", "another name for "sugar" or for a sugar polymer" "starch", "a polysaccharide made by plants to store energy" "cholesterol", "a type of steroid used in cell membranes and also used to make steroid hormones" "Fat", "a type of lipid used to store energy and a source of fatty acids" "fatty acid", "an organic acid that contains a long chain of hydrocarbons (carbon atoms bonded to other carbon atoms and hydrogen atoms)" "Hydrophilic", ""water-loving"; attracted to water" "hydrophobic", ""water-hating";repelled by water" "lipids", "organic molecules made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, but unlike carbohydrates, the do not dissolve in water" "monounsaturated fat", "a fat that has one double carbon-to-carbon bond" "saturated fat", "a fat that has all single carbon-to-carbon bonds and the maximum number of hydrogens attached to each carbon" "steroid", "a type of lipid that can be present in cell membranes or can make up certain hormones" "wax", "a type of lipid that is used to waterproof leaves, skin, feathers, etc." "amino acids", "organic molecules that are building blocks of protein" "nitrogen", "an element found in amino acids and proteins but NOT typically found in carbohydrates" "peptide bond", "the bond between each amino acid in a protein" "polypeptide", "a chain of amino acids" "protein", "an organic molecule with many important functions; the main structural component of muscle, skin, bone, ets." "Activation energy", "the energy needed for a chemical reaction to take place" "active site", "the part of an enzyme that "attaches to" a substrate" "catalyst", "a substance that speeds up a chemical reaction without being consumed in the reaction" "denature", "to change the structure of a protein so that it no longer functions in the same way" "enzyme", "a biological catalyst that enables chemical reactions to take place in cells" "enzyme-substrate complex", "the structure that is formed when a substrate binds to the active site of an enzyme" "metabolic pathway", "a series of reactions, one after another, that occurs in a cell" "pH", "a measure of the acidity or alkalinity of a substance" "substrate", "a substance that is changed by an enzyme" "deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)", "a nucleic acid molecule made up of two long strands of nucleotides in the shape of a double helix that contains deoxyribose sugar and that store genetic information" "double helix", "the shape, similar to a twisted ladder, of a DNA molecule" "nucleic acid", "an organic molecule that contains carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and phosphorus and makes up RNA and DNA" "nucleotide", "a molecule that contains a sugar, a phosphate and a nitrogenous base and that links together to form RNA and DNA" "phosphate", "a group of atoms that contains phosphorus and oxygen; makes up a part of nucleic acids" "ribonucleic acid (RNA)", "a nucleic acid molecule that contains ribose sugar"
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