Atom
The smallest prtion of an element found in the periodic chart examples include carbon oxygen gold
biomolecule
an organic molecule produced by a living organism
chemical bond
a connection made between atoms when electrons are attracted shared or transferred
condensation reaction (dehydration synthesis)
a chemical reaction that combines smaller molecules and forms water as a byproduct the reaction is often used to form polymers
covalent bond
a chemical bond formed when elements share electrons
hydrolysis reaction
a chemical reaction between water and another molecule that breaks down the molecule into simpler molecules he reaction splits a water molecule to break apart a polymer into monomers
inorganic molecule
a molecule that is not organic most but not all do not include carbon examples include water ammonia table salt and carbon dioxide
ion
an electrically charged atom tat has either gained or lost electrons
ionic bond
a chemical bond formed when elements transfer donate or accept electrons
macromolecules or macronutrients
the large biomolecules that make up living organisms include proteins carbohydrates lipids and necleic acids
molecule
a chemical combination of two or more atoms that forms a separate substance for example one molecule of water is made up of two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom
monomer
a small molecule that may be chemically bonded to otehr like molecules to form a polymer
organic molecules
carbon containing molecules that are generally associated with living organisms
polymer
a longchain of monomers
polymerization
the chemical process of combining monomers to form a polymer often uses condensation reactions
carbohydrate
an organic molecule made up of carbon hydrogen and oxygen used as a source of energy and gives structure to some types of cells
cellulose
a polysaccharide used in the cell walls of plats to give cells structured support
chitin
a polysaccharide that contains nitrogen groups used to strengthen the exoskeletons of a crustaceans and insects and the cell walls of many kinds of fungi
disaccharide
a polymer of two simple sugars combined into one molecule
glucose
a monosaccharide produced by plants during photosynthesis main source of energyfor cells
glycogen
a polysaccharide made by animal cells to store energy
monosaccharide
a simple sugar
polysaccharide
a polymer of sugar meaning a long chain of sugar molecules chemically linked together
saccharide
another name for sugar
starch
a polysaccharide made by plants to store energy
cholesterol
a type of steroid used in cell membranes and also used to make steroid hormones
fat
a type of lipid used to store energy and a source of fatty acids
fatty acid
an organic acid that contains a long chain of hydrocarbons
hydrophilic
attracted to water
hydrophobic
scared of water
lipids
organic molecules made up of carbon hydrogen and oxygen but unlike carbohydrates they do not dissolve in water
monounsaturated fat
a fat that has one double carbon to carbon bond
phospholipid
a type of lipid that helps to make up cell membranes
polyunsaturated fat
a fat that has more than one double carbon to carbon bond
saturated fat
a fat that has all single carbon to carbon bonds and the maximum number of hydrogens attached to each carbon
stereroid
a type of lipid that can be preset in cell membranes or can make upcartain hormones
wax
a type of lipid that is used to waterproof leaves skin feathers etc